Windows
kind of has this in the form of UFW. You can have either a RAM or disk based overlay for your C: partition and all writes will go to the overlay, which can be wiped. Except there are specific paths which must be excluded otherwise Windows craps itself. You also have to set up the overlay after the sysprep phase which inits drivers and stuff.
https://cedwards.xyz/messing-around-with-windows-unified-wri...