If LLMs are a dead end then we have no idea.
Many respectable AI experts think LLMs can’t cut it. (Look up what Yan LeCun has to say about it)
There are probably 5 respectable efforts towards AGI in Silicon Valley by people who might pull it off in less than a decade. (People smarter than me doing work I’m not qualified to assess till after the have a successful breakthrough or fail to do so)
I’d guess China has a mirror program with more, less of what we’d traditionally think is needed, but more chaos and spirit.
My own thought is if we can solve some things around slow thinking, nonverbal reasoning, and systems thinking the LLM can be a large part of AGI but it can’t be the foundation and the part to actually solve difficult problems.
If we did build a simulacrum of a person using current technology they’d be a charismatic, fast talking liar capable of faking it in 80% of situations, but incapable of difficult reasoning or moving math science or technology forward. So no worse than most people I encounter, but not useful for the sort of explosion of innovation some people are predicting.